Confirming the Names of Great Grandfather José Robledo’s Parents

The Brick Wall

Jose Robledo
My great-grandfather, José Robledo.

My great grandfather José Robledo has been one of my MAJOR brick walls for 16+ years. He immigrated to the United States from Mexico, before settling in Los Angeles County, California (by 1918) with his immigrant wife, my great grandmother Maria “Nana” Hermalinda Nieto Compean, and their two Mexican-born children.1, 2 José only lived in his new country for a couple decades. He died in 1937, in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California.3

I first started talking about this brick wall in a post from February 2014, explaining that his lone living child and his living grandchildren never knew where in Mexico José was born and lived, or the names of his parents.4 By January 2015, when I next profiled great grandfather José, I had made no further progress…very frustrating.5

The Research Question

Seeking a handful of answers about great grandfather José (the names of his parents, where in Mexico they came from, and when he was born), I had to make myself focus on answering one question at a time.

What were the names of the parents of my great-grandfather José Robledo, who married Maria Hermalinda Nieto Compean in Mexico, with whom he had two children—daughter Guadalupe Robledo Nieto and son Refugio Robledo Nieto—before the young family immigrated to the United States around 1915?

My big breakthroughs came in the summer and fall of 2015.

Breaking Down the Brick Wall

It so often takes just that one small lead.

01 May 2015: I received a copy of Jose’s 1937 certificate of death in the mail from Los Angeles County, California. Jose’s oldest son Refugio served as the informant, and Refugio identified José’s parents as Celbario Robledo and Mary Sanches.6

Jose Robledo, 1937 Death Certificate
A close-up look at the parents’ names recorded on José Robledo’s 1937 death certificate.
   Los Angeles County, California, standard certificate of death no. 10138 (1937), Joe Robledo; County of Los Angeles Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk, Norwalk.

07 May 2015: After 15+ years of looking, I FINALLY located a marriage record for my great-grandparents José and Maria, their Informacíon Matrimonio (prenuptial investigation) dated 13 July 1908, from Santa Isabel parish in Armadillo de los Infante, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. This document identifies José’s parents as what I initially thought was Silveño Robledo and Jesus Sanches, both of whom were still living at the time.7

Parents Identified in Jose Robledo's 1908 Marriage Record
José Robledo’s parents are identified in his 1908 prenuptial investigation record.
“México, San Luis Potosí, registros parroquiales [parish registers], 1586-1970,” digital images, FamilySearch (http://familysearch.org ; accessed 07 May 2015), José Robledo [and] Maria Nieto, 13 July 1908, p. 111 (stamped); citing Santa Isabel parish (Armadillo de los Infante, San Luis Potosí, Mexico), Información Matrimonios [Marriage Information] 1900-1909.

Silveño is similar to Celbario (the name noted on José’s death record). Sanches for his mother’s surname is the same on both records, however she is identified as Mary on the death record and Jesus on the marriage record.

30 September 2015: When painstakingly browsing through digitized (non-indexed, non-searchable) microfilmed civil birth registrations on FamilySearch, I came across a 1913 birth record for a then-unknown daughter born to José and Maria, Celedonia Robledo.8 Ironically, less than 30 days later, Ancestry released a fully indexed, searchable, collection of those same records. But the civil birth registration for Caledonia Robledo provides the names of both sets of her grandparents, and identifies great-grandfather José’s parents as Silverio Robledo and Jesus Sanches.

 Robledo's Parents on Birth Record for Celedonia Robledo
José Robledo’s parents identified on the civil birth registration for Celedonia Robledo. Armadillo de los Infante, San Luis Potosí, Archivo del Registro Civil [Civil Registration Archive], 1913; entry 84, Celedenia [Celedonia] Robledo, 6 March 1913, folio 23 (back); digital image, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/search : accessed 30 September 2015) > Mexico > San Luis Potosí, Civil Registration, 1859-2000 > Armadillo de los Infante > Nacimientos 1913-1919 > image 34.

Silverio looks and sounds very similar to Silveño (from the marriage record) and Celbario (from the death record. Jesus Sanches is the same name identified on José’s marriage record.

19 November 2015: I FINALLY located the civil birth registration for José and Maria’s oldest daughter, my great-aunt Guadalupe Robledo, the daughter that immigrated with the family in 1915. Like Caledonia’s civil birth registration, this record for Guadalupe’s 1910 birth provides the names of both sets of grandparents, identifying Silverio Robledo and Maria Jesus Sanches as her paternal grandparents.9

José Robledo's parents identified on civil birth registration for Guadalupe Robledo
José Robledo’s parents are identified on the civil birth registration for his oldest daughter Guadalupe Robledo.
“San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1860-1947,” entry for Guadalupe Robledo, 21 July 1910 [born 4 July 1910]; database with digital images, Ancestry (http://search.ancestry.com : accessed 19 November 2015; citing Registro Civil [Civil Registration] del Estado [state] de San Luis Potosí, México; San Nicolás de los Montes, 1909-1912; 1910, folio 3 front.

Evidence Analysis

José’s Father

This prompted me to take a closer look Jose’s 1908 prenuptial investigation. What I initially read as Silveño does indeed read now as Silverio.10 The combination of this being a name I had not read or heard before, and the priest’s handwriting on that marriage record, caused me to guess the wrong given name. This source provides direct evidence to answer the research question, and it contains strong primary information pertaining to that question. José would have been one of the informants for this record, having been interviewed by he parish priest. His parents would have been present as well, also serving as informants.

The civil birth registrations for Jose’s two Mexican-born daughters were more clearly written, identifying his father as Silverio Robledo. The 1913 birth registration for daughter Caledonia provides direct evidence to answer the research question, however the informant (relationship not yet unidentified) was likely a relative or neighbor of José’s, so it is unclear if this is primary or secondary information.11 The 1910 birth registration for daughter Guadalupe provides direct evidence to answer the research question, and José himself served as the informant, noting his parents by name and that they were still living. José would clearly have had primary firsthand knowledge of his parents’ names, or at least the names they chose to go by.12

As for Jose’s death certificate, which recorded his father’s name as Celbario?13 The spoken “b” and spoken “v” in Spanish sound identical, and were even used interchangeably in historical writings. In Spanish and in English, the spoken soft “c” sounds identical to the spoken “s”. The official who took down the biographical information provided by José’s oldest son Refugio wrote down the name that he/she thought they heard spoken. This source yields the most unreliable evidence anyways. While it does provide direct evidence to answer the research question, it is only secondary information, since son Refugio, the informant, did not know his paternal grandparents (he immigrated as an infant).

SourceFactEvidenceInformantInformation
José’s death certificateCelbario RobledoDirectJosé’s sonSecondary
José’s premarital investigation recordSilverio RobledoDirectJosé, his mother, parish priestPrimary
Celedonia’s civil birth registrationSilverio RobledoDirectRelationship TBDUnknown
Guadalupe’s civil birth registrationSilverio RobledoDirectJoséPrimary

Silverio Robledo seems the clear winner here.

José’s Mother

What about José’s mother?

His prenuptial investigation record, and the 1913 civil birth registration for daughter Celedonia identify José’s mother’s name as Jesus Sanches.10, 15 As discussed above, both records provide direct evidence to answer the research question. This premarital investigation record contains strong primary information pertaining to that question. As explained above for Silverio, José would have been one of the informants for this record, having been interviewed by he parish priest, and his parents would have been present as well, also serving as informants. However it is unclear if the informant for Celedonia’s birth registration had primary or secondary knowledge of the names of José’s parents, since the relationship of that informant to José’s (possibly a relative or possibly just a neighbor) family is not yet known.

The 1910 civil birth registration for daughter Guadalupe identifies José’s mother as Maria Jesus Sanches.16 As with all the other sources consulted, this one provides direct evidence to answer the research question. For this record, José and Maria’s first child, great grandfather José himself served as the informant, and he would have had primary firsthand knowledge of his mother’s name.

José’s death certificate identifies his mother as Mary Sanches.13 As stated above for Silverio, despite providing direct evidence, this record is the least reliable of these sources since it contains secondary information from an informant who never knew José’s parents.

SourceFactEvidenceInformantInformation
José’s death certificateMary SanchesDirectJosé’s sonSecondary
José’s premarital investigation recordJesus SanchesDirectJosé, his parents, parish priestPrimary
Celedonia’s civil birth registrationJesus SanchesDirectRelationship TBDUnknown
Guadalupe’s civil birth registrationMaria Jesus SanchesDirectJoséPrimary

Considering Historical & Cultural Context

Jesus Sanches, Maria Jesus Sanches, or Mary Sanches?

In Mexico, Jesus is both a male and female name, as is Maria. According to traditional Mexican naming conventions, children are given a biblical or saint’s name when baptized, used alongside their common name, creating a dual given name. Jesus Maria is a common male name, and Maria Jesus is a common female name. José’s wife (my Nana) Maria Hermalinda went by just Maria (sometimes Mary, once in the United States), whereas Nana’s mother Maria Aurelia went by just Aurelia.

So it is highly plausible that José’s mother’s name was Maria Jesus Sanches (locating her baptism record should clarify this), but that she went by both Maria and Jesus at different times in her life.

Forming a Conclusion

Based on this evidence, the answer to the research question is:

My great-grandfather José Robledo’s father was named Silverio Robledo, and his mother was named Maria Jesus Sanches, going by Mary or Jesus.

Silverio Robledo and Maria Jesus Sanches are my 2nd great-grandparents.

Next Steps

What comes next in researching my great-grandfather José’s family?

  • Locate a baptism and civil birth registration for great-grandfather José Robledo. I have yet to succeed at that.
  • Locate a marriage record for his parents, Silverio Robledo and Maria Jesus Sanches.

Sources

  1. “U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918,” database with images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 16 February 2014), card for Jose Robledo, no. 1087, Local Board Division No. 1, Long Beach, Los Angeles County, California.
  2. 1920 U.S. census, Los Angeles County, California, population schedule, Long Beach Township, enumeration district (ED) 78, sheet no. 9A (penned), dwelling 167, family 251, Jose Robledo household; digital image, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : accessed 28 November 2014); citing National Archives microfilm publication T625, roll 104.
  3.  Los Angeles County, California, standard certificate of death no. 10138 (1937), Joe Robledo; County of Los Angeles Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk, Norwalk.
  4. Colleen Greene, “#52Ancestors: My Great Grandfather Jose Robledo (1875-1937), Still a Brick Wall,” Colleen Robledo Greene, 25 February 2014 (https://www.colleengreene.com/52ancestors-my-great-grandfather-jose-robledo-1875-1937-still-a-brick-wall/ : accessed 16 April 2016.
  5.  Greene, Colleen, “#52Ancestors: A Fresh Start for Immigrant Great Grandfather Jose Robledo (1875-1937),” Colleen Robledo Greene, 6 January 2016. (https://www.colleengreene.com/52ancestors-a-fresh-start-for-immigrant-great-grandfather-jose-robledo-1875-1937/ : accessed 14 April 2016.
  6.  Los Angeles County, California, standard certificate of death no. 10138 (1937), Joe Robledo.
  7.  “México, San Luis Potosí, registros parroquiales {parish registers}, 1586-1970,” digital images, FamilySearch (http://familysearch.org ; accessed 07 May 2015), José Robledo {and} Maria Nieto, 13 July 1908, p. 111 (stamped); citing Santa Isabel parish (Armadillo de los Infante, San Luis Potosí, Mexico), Información Matrimonios {Marriage Information} 1900-1909.
  8. Armadillo de los Infante, San Luis Potosí, Archivo del Registro Civil {Civil Registration Archive}, 1913; entry 84, Celedenia {Celedonia} Robledo, 6 March 1913, folio 23 (back); digital image, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/search : accessed 30 September 2015) > Mexico > San Luis Potosí, Civil Registration, 1859-2000 > Armadillo de los Infante > Nacimientos 1913-1919 > image 34.
  9. “San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1860-1947,” entry for Guadalupe Robledo, 21 July 1910 {born 4 July 1910}; database with digital images, Ancestry (http://search.ancestry.com : accessed 19 November 2015; citing Registro Civil {Civil Registration} del Estado {state} de San Luis Potosí, México; San Nicolás de los Montes, 1909-1912; 1910, folio 3 front.
  10. “México, San Luis Potosí, registros parroquiales {parish registers}, 1586-1970,” digital images, FamilySearch (http://familysearch.org ; accessed 07 May 2015), José Robledo and Maria Nieto, 13 July 1908.
  11. Armadillo de los Infante, San Luis Potosí, Archivo del Registro Civil {Civil Registration Archive}, 1913; entry 84, Celedenia {Celedonia} Robledo.
  12. “San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1860-1947,” entry for Guadalupe Robledo, 21 July 1910 {born 4 July 1910}.
  13. Los Angeles County, California, standard certificate of death no. 10138 (1937), Joe Robledo.
  14. “México, San Luis Potosí, registros parroquiales {parish registers}, 1586-1970,” digital images, FamilySearch (http://familysearch.org ; accessed 07 May 2015), José Robledo and Maria Nieto, 13 July 1908.
  15. Armadillo de los Infante, San Luis Potosí, Archivo del Registro Civil {Civil Registration Archive}, 1913; entry 84, Celedenia {Celedonia} Robledo.
  16.  “San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Civil Registration Births, 1860-1947,” entry for Guadalupe Robledo, 21 July 1910 {born 4 July 1910}.
  17. Los Angeles County, California, standard certificate of death no. 10138 (1937), Joe Robledo.

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0 thoughts on “Confirming the Names of Great Grandfather José Robledo’s Parents”

    1. Hi Cathy,

      I am so sorry. I am just going back through comments from the past year (too busy juggling that graduate teaching gig the last 2 summers). Thanks for that feedback!

      Colleen

  1. Really great article. While I like the blog format, I hope you consider submitting your work to a national publication as an example of Mexican-American immigrant research. So few write about it.

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